Hamdard University Bangladesh. VISIONThe vision of Hamdard University Bangladesh is to foster national development process through the establishment of an excellent institution of higher education which is responsive to society. The name Bangladesh was originally written as two words, Bangla Desh. Starting in the 1950s, Bengali nationalists used the term in political rallies in East Pakistan. Bangladesh - Wikipedia. Coordinates: 2. 3. It shares land borders with India and Myanmar (Burma). ![]() Nepal, Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it. The country's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong, which has the country's largest port. Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region. Bengalis, who speak the official Bengali language, make up 9.
Most of Bangladesh is covered by the Bengal delta, the largest delta on Earth. The country has 7. Highlands with evergreen forests are found in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country. Bangladesh has many islands and a coral reef. The longest unbroken sea beach, Cox's Bazar Beach is located here. It is home to the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world. The country's biodiversity includes a vast array of plant and wildlife, including critically endangered Bengal tigers, the national animal. The Greeks and Romans identified the region as Gangaridai, a powerful kingdom of the historical subcontinent, in the 3rd century BCE. Archaeological research has unearthed several ancient cities in Bangladesh, which had international trade links for millennia. The region was home to many principalities that had inland naval prowess. As part of British India, the region was influenced by the Bengali renaissance and played an important role in anti- colonial movements. The Partition of British India made East Bengal a part of the Dominion of Pakistan; and was renamed as East Pakistan. The region witnessed the Bengali Language Movement in 1. Bangladesh Liberation War in 1. After independence, a parliamentary republic was established. A presidential government was in place between 1. The country continues to face the challenges of poverty, education, healthcare and corruption. Bangladesh is a middle power and a major developing nation. Within South Asia, the country ranks first in gender equality, second in foreign exchange earnings and third in life expectancy and peacefulness. Listed as one of the Next Eleven, its economy ranks 4. GDP) and 2. 9th in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). It is one of the largest textile exporters in the world. Its major trading partners are the European Union, the United States, China, India, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. With its strategically vital location between Southern, Eastern and Southeast Asia, Bangladesh is an important promoter of regional connectivity and cooperation. It is a founding member of SAARC, BIMSTEC, the Bangladesh- China- India- Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation and the Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative. It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Developing 8 Countries, the OIC, the Non Aligned Movement, the Group of 7. World Trade Organization. Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping forces. Etymology. The name Bangladesh was originally written as two words, Bangla Desh. Starting in the 1. Bengali nationalists used the term in political rallies in East Pakistan. The term Bangla is a major name for both the Bengal region and the Bengali language. The earliest references to the term date to the Nesari plate in 8. AD. The Portuguese referred to the region as Bengala in the 1. Hence, the name Bangladesh means . It was described as a seafaring nation of South Asia. According to Sinhalese chronicles, the Bengali Prince Vijaya led a maritime expedition to Sri Lanka, conquering the island and establishing its first recorded kingdom. With their bastions in the Bengal and Bihar regions (collectively known as Magadha), the Mauryans built the first geographically extensive Iron Age empire in Ancient India. They promoted Jainism and Buddhism. The empire reached its peak under emperor Ashoka. They were eventually succeeded by the Gupta Empire in the 3rd century CE. According to historian H. Roychowdhury, the Gupta dynasty originated in the Varendra region in Bangladesh, corresponding to the modern- day Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. The Pala Empire stood out as the largest Bengali state established in ancient history, with an empire covering most of the north Indian subcontinent at its height in the 9th century. The Palas were devout Mahayana Buddhists. They strongly patronized art, architecture and education, giving rise to the Pala School of Painting and Sculptural Art. The proto- Bengali language emerged under Pala rule. In the 1. 1th- century, the resurgent Hindu. American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) House 83/B, Road 4, Kemal Ataturk Avenue, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh 8820865, 9890804, 8811749 88-02-8813233. Get information, facts, and pictures about Bangladesh at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about Bangladesh easy with credible articles from. ![]() ![]() Bangladesh Open University LogoSena dynasty gained power. The Senas were staunch promoters of Brahmanical Hinduism and laid the foundation of Bengali Hinduism. They patronized their own school of Hindu art taking inspiration from their predecessors. Some experts have suggested that early Muslims, including Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas (an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad), used Bengal as a transit point to travel to China on the Southern Silk Road. Writing in 1. 15. Al- Idrisi noted a busy shipping route between Chittagong and Basra. This included the wearing of the sari, bindu, and bangles by Muslim women; and art forms in music, dance, and theater. By the 1. 4th century, an independent Bengal Sultanate was established. Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists jointly formed its civil- military services. The Hussain Shahi sultans promoted the development of Bengali literature. However, by the 1. Bengal Sultanate began to disintegrate. The Sur Empire overran Bengal in 1. Grand Trunk Road. Hindu Rajas and the Baro- Bhuyanzamindars gained control of large parts of the region, especially in the fertile Bhati zone. Isa Khan was the Rajput leader of the Baro- Bhuyans based in Sonargaon. Dhaka was established as the Mughal provincial capital in 1. The Mughals faced stiff resistance from the Baro- Bhuyans, Afghan warlords and zamindars, but were ultimately successful in conquering the whole of Bengal by 1. Portuguese and Arakanese were expelled from Chittagong. Mughal rule ushered economic prosperity, agrarian reform and flourishing external trade, particularly in muslin and silk textiles. Mughal Viceroys promoted agricultural expansion and turned Bengal into the rice basket of the Indian subcontinent. The Sufis gained increasing prominence. The Baul movement, inspired by Sufism, also emerged under Mughal rule. The Bengali ethnic identity further crystallized during this period, and the region's inhabitants were given sufficient autonomy to cultivate their own customs and literature. The entire region was brought under a stable long- lasting administration. Matters reached a climax in 1. Nawab Siraj- ud- Daulah captured the British base at Fort William in an effort to stem the rising influence of the East India Company. Siraj- ud- Daulah was later betrayed by his general Mir Jafar, who helped Robert Clive defeat him at the Battle of Plassey on 2. June 1. 75. 7. The Permanent Settlement created a feudal system and as a result, a number of deadly famines struck the region. The Mutiny of 1. 85. Presidency of Bengal, with major revolts by the Bengal Army in Dacca, Calcutta and Chittagong. The Bengal Renaissance flowered as a result of educational and cultural institutions being established across the region, especially in East Bengal and the imperial colonial capital Calcutta. The Presidency of Bengal became the cradle of modern South Asian political and artistic expression. It included the notable contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Mir Mosharraf Hossain, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah, Rabindranath Tagore, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Kazi Nazrul Islam and Begum Rokeya. Gopal Krishna Gokhle, the mentor of Mahatma Gandhi, remarked that . Its share in world jute supply peaked in the early 2. Based in Dhaka, with Shillong as the summer capital and Chittagong as the chief port, the new province covered much of the northeastern subcontinent. The All India Muslim League was formed in Dacca in 1. Muslims in British India. The partitioning of Bengal outraged nationalist Hindus and anti- British Muslims, leading to the Swadeshi movement by the Indian National Congress. The partitioning was annulled in 1. Congress. The Indian Independence Movement enjoyed strong momentum in the Bengal region, including the constitutional struggle for the rights of Muslim minorities. The Freedom of Intellect Movement thrived in the University of Dacca. By the 1. 93. 0s, the Krishak Praja Party led by A. Fazlul Huq and the Swaraj Party led by C. Das came to represent the new Bengali middle class—Huq became the Prime Minister of Bengal in 1. With the breakdown of Hindu- Muslim unity in the British Raj, Huq allied with the Muslim League to present the Lahore Resolution in 1. During the Second World War, the Japanese Air Force conducted air raids in Chittagong in 1. Allied forces were stationed in bases across East Bengal in support of the Burma Campaign, while Axis- allied Subhash Chandra Bose also had a significant following in East Bengal. The Muslim League formed a parliamentary government in Bengal in 1. Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin and later H. Suhrawardy as its premiers. In 1. 94. 6, the decisive victory of the Bengal Muslim League in provincial elections set the course for the partitioning of British India and the creation of the Dominion of Pakistan on 1. August 1. 94. 7. Assam was partitioned in order to allow Bengali- speaking Sylhet to join East Bengal. There was also an unsuccessful attempt to form a United Bengal. The Radcliffe Line divided Bengal on religious grounds, ceding Hindu- majority districts to the Indian dominion, and making Muslim- majority districts the eastern wing of Pakistan. Eastern wing of Pakistan. East Bengal was the most populous province in the new Pakistani federation led by Governor General. Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1. Dhaka as the provincial capital. In 1. 95. 0, land reform was accomplished in East Bengal with the abolition of the permanent settlement and the feudal zamindari system.
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